VRF Lite Configuration on Cisco IOS

In this lesson you will learn about VRFs (Virtual Routing and Forwarding). By default a router uses a single global routing table that contains all the directly connected networks and prefixes that it learned through static or dynamic routing protocols.

VRFs are like VLANs for routers, instead of using a single global routing table we can use multiple virtual routing tables. Each interface of the router is assigned to a different VRF.

VRFs are commonly used for MPLS deployments, when we use VRFs without MPLS then we call it VRF lite. That’s what we will focus on in this lesson. Let’s take a look at an example topology:

In the topology above we have one ISP router and two customers called “Red” and “Blue”. Each customer has two sites and those are connected to the ISP router. The ISP router has only one global routing table so if we connect everything like the topology above, this is what the routing table will look like:

ISP#show ip route connected
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet3/0
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

The ISP router has a single global routing table that has all 4 directly connected networks. Let’s use VRFs to change this, I want to create a seperate routing table for customer “Blue” and “Red”. First we have to create these VRFs:

ISP(config)#ip vrf Red
ISP(config-vrf)#exit
ISP(config)#ip vrf Blue
ISP(config-vrf)#exit

Globally we create the VRFs, one for each customer. Our next step is to add the interfaces of the ISP router to the correct VRF. Here’s how:

ISP(config)#interface FastEthernet 0/0
ISP(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Blue
% Interface FastEthernet0/0 IP address 192.168.1.254 removed due to enabling VRF Blue
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

On the interface level we use the ip vrf forwarding command to assign the interface to the correct VRF. Once you do this , you’ll have to add the IP address again. Let’s configure the remaining interfaces:

ISP(config)#interface FastEthernet 1/0
ISP(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Red
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.2.254 255.255.255.0

ISP(config)#interface FastEthernet 2/0
ISP(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Blue
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.3.254 255.255.255.0

ISP(config)#interface FastEthernet 3/0
ISP(config-if)#ip vrf forwarding Red
ISP(config-if)#ip address 192.168.4.254 255.255.255.0

All interfaces are now configured. There’s a useful command you can use to see all the VRFs and their interfaces:

ISP#show ip vrf
  Name                             Default RD          Interfaces
  Blue                                                 Fa0/0
                                                       Fa2/0
  Red                                                  Fa1/0
                                                       Fa3/0

Our VRFs are configured, let’s take a look at the global routing table of the ISP router:

ISP#show ip route connected

The global routing table has no entries, this is because all interfaces were added to a VRF. Let’s check the VRF routing tables:

ISP#show ip route vrf Blue connected
C    192.168.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C    192.168.3.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet2/0

ISP#show ip route vrf Red connected
C    192.168.4.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet3/0
C    192.168.2.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/0

We use the show ip route command but you’ll need to specify which VRF you want to look at. As you can see, each VRF has its own routing table with the interfaces that we configured earlier.

If you want to do something on the router like sending a ping then you’ll have to specify which VRF you want to use. By default it will use the global routing table. Here’s an example how to send a ping: